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The park

Nature and history

The dawn of history

As far as archaeologists have managed to discover, the oldest human presence in the Park territory dates back something like 50,000 years. His traces were found in a cave at the base of the Uccellina hills. Humanity is that of Neanderthals, and the environment is cold and dry, already populated by deer, roe deer and foxes, but still crossed by wild oxen, hyenas and cave lions. We are in the middle of the ice age and the sea is far away, because the level is much lower than today.

That world ends around 11,000 years ago, when the ice age ends and sea levels rise. The Uccellina hills are covered by an uninterrupted blanket of gigantic holm oaks that descends to the seashore. To the north, however, there is a large gulf with shallow waters that reaches the area where the current Grosseto is located.

The landscape remained this way for a long time, until 3000-2300 BC. around, when instead of small bands of Homo sapiens hunters and gatherers, farmers arrived in force, having landed in southern Italy from the Middle East just over four thousand years earlier. But to create cultivated fields and graze domestic animals, the woods must be cut down. To obtain wood for cooking, heating, building houses and fences, and above all producing the coal needed to smelt iron ore – near here there are the largest metal deposits in the Mediterranean – you have to cut down more woods, let them regrow for fifteen or twenty minutes. years and then cut them again. The coppicing system was now born, which is based on the ability of the holm oak to send back new stems from the cut base, and which will last for millennia.

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